Carbon is element 6, a non-metal of the p block, in group 14, period 2. Its ground-state configuration is [He] 2s2 2p2, and it usually shows the oxidation states -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
Carbon has been known since antiquity, so no discovery is credited for it.
Name origin: the Latin carbo, 'charcoal'.
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